Niacinamide Serum How To Use

... you purchased this week and how you like it! My list... on The Ordinary 15% GF serum so I purchased the Matrixyl ...Synthe 6 Serum and the Dark Circle Peptide.... I'll use the eye cream at night and the Matrixyl serum in the... d'Alba Piedmont White Truffle Double Serum Multi Balm. I use a couple of d'Alba... eyes before makeup. Anua Niacinamide 10 & TXA 4 Serum. I am liking this...

... Even Glow Serum with Thiamidol 15ml, Serum for Face with Niacinamide and Aloe... skin and refined pores, while Niacinamide helps control oil and smooth... tones, this face serum is your go-to glow booster. How to use: Apply twice daily..., morning and evening, on cleansed skin. Spread the serum evenly... pores and smooths skin with Niacinamide Hydrates instantly and over time ...

... luminosity. Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% is universal serum that balances...prevent the appearance of blemishes. Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% ...a high concentration of niacinamide, supported with complementary Zinc PCA... lightweight hyaluronic acid serum that brings together five forms...for all skin types. How to use To use the formulations together in a...apply a few drops of Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% and ...

...a combination of niacinamide and fraxinus excelsior bark extract...more plump appearance. To use the formulations together in a...for all skin types. How to use Please see individual products. ...Acid Ingredients Multi-Peptide + HA Serum: Aqua (Water), Glycerin, Lactococcus Ferment...Eye Serum: Aqua (Water), Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, Propanediol, Dipropylene Glycol, Acetyl Glucosamine, Niacinamide, ...

... Discoloration Care. This is a serum I put on in the .... It has Tranexamic Acid 3%, Niacinamide 5%, and NAG 2%. Have ... for a while. Not sure how I feel about this product. ... - Youth Creator Serum. This is a staple for me. I use it twice a day... do those today or not. How many bronzers and powders does ...

... What made the difference was how I approached the testing this ...high-efficiency shaving. Whether you should use them is a separate question (...am still slightly embarrassed about how long it took me to ...in progress. This is not how the conventional model of shaving ...to be told. Humectants like niacinamide, snow mushroom polysaccharides, and snail ...using up my Zingari Sego serum, I do that instead, but ...

..., herbal face food, vitamin c, niacinamide, coq10 serum, squalene, bakuchiol, iodosorb gel... sores. At best, products I use do nothing. At worst, which..., even opening them. Ask me how I know. 3. Pat dry... and shoulders. Gone after one use. This is definitely going to...

Guys, you have no idea how much I’ve been suffering during these months, but thankfully, I got them, that helps me eventually clear my acne. I am a combination and acne-prone skin, with my T zone super oily and the rest of my face normal, but my chin area often got acne a lot. I’ve done lots of trial and error to get my current routine, which I think most people might get benefit from it. My morning routine: water, curel moisture lotion, neutropenia niacinamide serum. Evening routine: PanOxyl Benzoyl peroxide face wash, Curel moisture lotion, finacea azelaic acid. As you can see, there are many actives in the pic, so you do have to apply them at different times. Also I use the ordinary glycolic acid toner to treat my backache and it works wonders as well. I must give a shout out to Curel’s lotion, since it’s super lightweight and decent, which is a good buffer for oily skin before apply actives. Last pic is a tool checking my skin improvement, kinda helpful submitted by /u/ComposerSilent8711 to r/beautyph [link] [comments]

I can’t believe that this is my skin now. I struggled with acne since around the age of 18 (I am 28 now). The before pics are from mid-late 2024. I know my acne wasn’t “as severe” as it could have been, but it still absolutely tore my confidence to shreds. I don’t have any photos from when it was at its worst because I just couldn’t bear to look at myself. Looking back now, I wish I could have cut myself some slack, but we are our own worst critics and our insecurities can quickly become insurmountable even when they aren’t noticeable to others. I was very prone to deep, painful, cystic breakouts that would take weeks/months to heal and would leave hyperpigmentation for 6-12 months each time which made me even more stressed with each new breakout. I’ve been using tret on and off for the last 2 years, but have been very consistent over the last 6 months or so. My skin isn’t perfect— I’m still dealing with hyperpigmentation from months prior, and have broken capillaries and some minimal scarring and sometimes deal with irritation or a closed comedone BUT!! I love having bare skin for the first time ever, I am so endlessly grateful to feel confident makeup free and whenever I get a compliment on my skin it makes me 🥹 My current routine: AM - Cleanse with Byoma Milky Moisture Cleanser - Facetheory Azelaic Acid 15% serum - Dermatica Nourishing Ceramide Peptide Moisturiser or their Soothing Centella Moisturiser depending on how my skin is feeling - LRP Invisible Fluid SPF50+ PM - Cleanse & moisturise as above - Beauty of Joseon Eye Serum - wait 10-30 minutes, then apply my tret formula of 0.025% + 4% niacinamide I also often mix LRP Cicaplast Baume into my moisturisers if my skin is feeling dry/irritated, and particularly if I am having an off-night from the tret I will smother my face in it. Also microneedling is INCREDIBLE. But I’d recommend taking a break from tret for a week or so and a few days afterwards if microneedling. I’ve been a looong time lurker on this sub and finally am happy enough with my skin to share my progress! EDIT: thank you all so much for the love and sharing your own experiences!! For those of you still in the trenches, remember that you are BEAUTIFUL regardless of any skin issues. We are all in this together 🤍🤍🤍 submitted by /u/akimonodawg to r/tretinoin [link] [comments]

I got the 10% vesion, bc it was the only percentage they had in store, but I forget that you're supposed to use lower doses of new actives when adding them to your skincare routine, until you adjust to it. I only realized it was a bad idea when I put it on my face after cleansing (Neutrogena Spot Control Face wash) and then applying benzoyl peroxide (Oxy Benzoyl peroxide lotion 10%) and immediately felt an intense burning sensation on my cheeks and the corners of my nose 😭😭😭 Articles I read say it's a common side effect if you use it at too high of an percentage at first. I rinsed it off immediately and just went to bed without putting anything else on my face bc I was scared to trigger any other reactions. Due to the store's return policy on opened cosmetic/skin products, i can't return it, but seeing as it was expensive, I'm still wanting to use it for the benefits, Can I cut the intensity of it with something like a moisturizer? Can I mix it with distilled water in a spray bottle and use it as a facial mist? I'd actually love to mix it with a Clinique sun screen i got as a gift recently, would that work? submitted by /u/ShallotNatural6411 to r/TheOrdinarySkincare [link] [comments]

Not sure if this is the right sub... so basically, since this specific lady friend has been spending the night at my place, I have noticed some of my skincare products have been running out sooner than normal. For example, I use an azelaic acid serum that is not super cheap, and it lasted me like 6 months of daily use, but this last bottle ran out after like 1 month. I thought, hmm, that's odd, maybe I had a bigger bottle before? This morning I was getting ready in the bathroom with my friend at the same time, for the first time, and she was looking through all my stuff and saying "What's new? Anything new?" Which, whatever, it's fine. But then I watched her using my serum with 3 full droppers (I use like maybe 1/4 of the dropper), and she used my niacinamide cream like a moisturizer, so so so much. She was just singing a Taylor Swift song and slathering it all over, not a care in the world. I was horrified to be honest, but didn't say anything. I really don't know what to say or how to approach it. I don't want to come off as cheap or something, but honestly I would have to find less expensive products if this is how it's going to be. Does anyone have any advice on how to broach this topic with her? Also in the back of my mind, I'm starting to wonder if the reason she keeps asking to spend the night is just to use my stuff. Is that a thing? I'm feeling lost here, any help would be appreciated. EDIT: I am unspeakably touched by how many of you have given my situation so much thought and are providing such genuine responses. Thank you all from the bottom of my heart. You are awesome!!! submitted by /u/Only-Cap5811 to r/SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

Okay so this is something I get complimented on A LOT 😭 (touchwood) : my skin. People constantly ask me what makeup/base I use and the answer is literally… none 💀 I only wear lipliner + lipstick. That’s it. No foundation, no concealer, no skin tint, nothing. And thankfully I currently have: - no acne - no acne marks - no pigmentation issues - and my skin naturally stays pretty glowy. So I thought I’d share what’s currently working for me: • Gentle cleanser twice a day (I use FixDerma Skarfix-TX Face Cleanser) • Serum (I use Minimalist Vit C 10% and The Derma Co 2% Salicylic Acid Serum, alternating daily) • Moisturiser twice a day (I use Dot&Key Ceramides and Hyaluronic Barrier Repair Moisturiser) • Sunscreen EVERY day (I currently Foxtale Golden Hour Glow Sunscreen SPF 50 but I will recommend Minimalist/ FixDerma/ The Derma Co) • Not overdoing actives (I use The Ordinary AHA30% + BHA2% Peeling Solution) • Keeping skincare simple and importantly, consistent My skin type - Super dry with oily T zone But honestly? The BIGGEST thing : PLEASE DRINK WATER 😭 I genuinely think people underestimate how much hydration affects: - acne - dullness - overall glow - and even how “healthy” your skin looks. Like you’ve NO idea how noticeable the difference is when you’re consistently hydrated. I do get random zits at times and that’s when I’m reminded to fix my water intake. 2 days back on track and the pimple disappears 🪄 P.S. Please ignore the “Prada” under my eyes. I’m working a night shift job and barely get enough sleep. On my notice period at the moment, so hopefully I’m able to fix this soon 🤞🏻 submitted by /u/ProcedureAdmirable47 to r/IndianBeautyTalks [link] [comments]

Not my first time in Europe but my first time in Germany! I’m so shocked and excited by all the products here that I lowkey feel decision fatigue! I’m very strongly against animal testing so sadly that wipes out my last og (LRP UV MUNE💔) and a lot of companies like Nivea or Eucerin. I was looking for any general skincare recommendations! I use only vanicream cleanser and moisturizer, use azelaic acid 15%, and g&g sunscreen! If anyone has any cleanser or moisturizer or general recommendations I would love to hear them! I’m just so so happy and in awe to be here. (And kind of basking in the irony of the fact I was obsessed with getting my hands on Eucerin Urea months ago only now to come across the whole line so easily when I don’t want it 😭). I picked up Balea’s Zink Spray and a mini of their AHA BHA peeling to use on my body so I’ll see how that goes! submitted by /u/urwriteordie to r/EuroSkincare [link] [comments]

i hope i tagged everything properly, i think routine help was the best option! i got these two serums from dollar tree (ive heard good things about these two specifically, i apologize if this is sacrilege to the broader skincare community 😅) - i figure i cant use them together because they both have niacinamide. im wondering if i should rotate between them, discontinue one or the other, use one at night and one in the morning, etc? i have ridiculously oily skin and it drives me crazy!! my current routine is the cerave foaming facial cleanser and the thayers milky toner. i know i need to get a sunscreen! i was using elfs holy hydration spf cream but it was definitely way too heavy for my already very oily skin. that sunscreen has niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and peptides, which is already what i thought i needed but i think its just too heavy. im VERY new to skincare in general; i read through a lot of the info linked in this sub but i guess im still just a little confused on what can be used together. thank you to anyone who can help, and i welcome any suggestions anyone has! submitted by /u/Grandpan___ to r/SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

If you’re searching for the best Vitamin C serum for your face, this guide will help you understand how it works, what to look for, and which types suit your skin best. ✅ Trusted by Thousands – Try Today Best For Glow What is Vitamin C Serum? Vitamin C serum is a lightweight skincare product enriched with Vitamin C (ascorbic acid or its derivatives). It penetrates deep into the skin and works at a cellular level to repair and rejuvenate. Unlike creams, serums are more concentrated and deliver active ingredients faster, making them highly effective. 🚨 Trending Product – Don’t Miss Out Benefits of Using Vitamin C Serum 1. Brightens Skin Tone Vitamin C helps reduce dullness and gives your skin a natural glow. It inhibits melanin production, which helps fade pigmentation. 2. Reduces Dark Spots & Hyperpigmentation Regular use can visibly reduce acne marks, sunspots, and uneven skin tone. 3. Boosts Collagen Production Collagen keeps your skin firm and youthful. Vitamin C stimulates collagen synthesis, reducing fine lines and wrinkles. 4. Protects Against Sun Damage While it’s not a sunscreen, Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that protects your skin from UV damage and pollution. 5. Hydrates Skin Many Vitamin C serums contain hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid, helping your skin stay moisturized. Types of Vitamin C Used in Serums Not all Vitamin C serums are the same. Here are the common forms: L-Ascorbic Acid – Most potent and effective, but can be irritating for sensitive skin. Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate – Gentle and suitable for acne-prone skin. Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate – Hydrating and less irritating. Ascorbyl Glucoside – Stable and ideal for beginners. How to Choose the Best Vitamin C Serum for Your Face 1. Check Concentration Beginners: 5–10% Intermediate: 10–15% Advanced users: 15–20% Higher isn’t always better—choose based on your skin type. 2. Look for Stable Packaging Vitamin C oxidizes quickly. Choose serums in: Dark glass bottles Air-tight packaging 3. Check pH Level An ideal pH between 2.5–3.5 ensures better absorption. 4. Look for Added Ingredients Vitamin E + Ferulic Acid – Boosts effectiveness Hyaluronic Acid – Hydration Niacinamide – Brightening and oil control Best Vitamin C Serum for Different Skin Types For Oily Skin Look for lightweight, oil-free formulas with: Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate Niacinamide For Dry Skin Choose hydrating serums with: Hyaluronic Acid Vitamin E For Sensitive Skin Go for gentle derivatives like: Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate Low concentration (5–10%) For Acne-Prone Skin Choose non-comedogenic formulas that help reduce inflammation. How to Use Vitamin C Serum Correctly Step-by-Step Routine: Cleanse your face Apply toner (optional) Apply 2–3 drops of Vitamin C serum Gently pat into skin Apply moisturizer Use sunscreen (morning routine) Best Time to Apply Vitamin C Serum Morning: Protects from pollution and UV damage Night: Helps repair skin overnight For best results, use it once daily (preferably morning). Common Mistakes to Avoid 1. Using Too Much Product Only a few drops are enough. 2. Mixing with Wrong Ingredients Avoid combining with: Benzoyl peroxide Strong acids (unless guided) 3. Not Using Sunscreen Vitamin C works best when paired with SPF. 4. Using Oxidized Serum If your serum turns dark orange or brown, it’s no longer effective. How Long Does It Take to See Results? 1–2 weeks: Brighter skin 3–4 weeks: Reduced dark spots 6–8 weeks: Visible anti-aging benefits Consistency is key. DIY vs Store-Bought Vitamin C Serum DIY Serum Cheap but unstable Short shelf life Store-Bought Serum Clinically tested Stable and more effective For best results, go with trusted formulations. Top Ingredients to Pair with Vitamin C Vitamin E – Enhances antioxidant effect Ferulic Acid – Stabilizes Vitamin C Hyaluronic Acid – Hydration boost Niacinamide – Improves skin texture Who Should Use Vitamin C Serum? Vitamin C serum is suitable for: Dull skin Uneven skin tone Aging skin Pigmentation issues However, always do a patch test before full use. Is Vitamin C Serum Safe? Yes, Vitamin C is generally safe for all skin types. However: Start with a lower concentration Avoid overuse Consult a dermatologist if irritation occurs Conclusion Vitamin C serum is a powerful addition to any skincare routine. Whether you want glowing skin, reduced pigmentation, or anti-aging benefits, choosing the right serum can make a significant difference. submitted by /u/LunaLuxe_Shop to r/AmericaBeautyDeals [link] [comments]

submitted by /u/Legitimate-Pop7479 to r/IndianBeautyTalks [link] [comments]

I’ve always had issues with my legs being bumpy and spotty, but I took a break from shaving my legs for the last few years due to an unrelated health issue and since I’ve started shaving again it’s been worse than ever. Crazy bumps, leftover stubble, and wildly visible follicles. My leg hair is dark brown and the hairs themselves are moderately thick to thin (it varies). *I had just showered/shaved in pic* -I start with a Dermasuri exfoliating glove and slough off as much dead skin as possible without going too hard and irritating my skin. -I’ve been using a venus razor with the gel bar around it since my shower stall is insanely small and I can’t avoid the water in order to use a cream or gel. *I get too cold with the water off and get goosebumps please don’t come for me in the comments* -I follow up with a niacinamide serum and vaseline spray moisturizer. Very open to changing these up, it’s just what I have right now. I use these products between shaves as well. Any advice is appreciated! I’m open to rebuilding my entire routine/product list but need to keep it budget friendly. Thanks! submitted by /u/brad_sausages to r/beauty [link] [comments]

Hi everyone! I shared this on r/skincareaddiction and got a lot of positive feedback, so I wanted to repost it here in case it helps anyone else. Like every human, I have sebaceous filaments but mine were more noticeable than “normal.” I also have some blackheads… after my ex made me self-conscious about it I dug deep into the hole and geeked out researching what I can actually do. Outside of clinical treatments, I’ve pretty much tried everything: clay masks, nose strips, BHAs, sulfur, niacinamide, azelaic acid, retinoids, you name it. I wanted to share my progress after a couple months, my current routine, and a few tips I wish I’d known earlier. This will be a longer post, but hopefully it’s helpful. If you have questions lmk! Routine: Am: 1. Water rinse. 2. Clinical Vit C + E + Ferulic Defend Serum. 3. Skinfix: Triple Lipid-Peptide Cream. 4. La Roche Posay Anthelios UVMUNE 400 invisble fluid SPF 50+. Pm: 1. The Ordinary: Glucoside Foaming Cleanser + a couple drops of 1% salicylic oil mixed in. 2. Skinfix: Triple Lipid-Peptide Cream. (Mon, Wed, Fri) 3. CVS: Differin Adapalene Gel 0.1% (Entire face). + Dr Song 2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Gel Treatment Lotion (Acne spot treatment) (Tue, Thu, Sat) 3. Murmure: Bisou clarifying oil 1% salicylic acid (Nose spot treatment). Sunday no actives! Notes: - The Ordinary Cleanser - Skin-barrier friendly surfactants. - Clinical Vit C + E + Ferulic Defend Serum – Best Skinceuticals dupe. - CVS Differin + Dr Song - Epiduo equivalent but without the need of a prescription. - La Roche Posay Sunscreen - Non greasy, true protection. - Murmure Bisou - Salicylic acid in a lipid carrier. Blackheads vs. Sebaceous Filaments: Turns out not every dark dot on your nose is a blackhead. Blackheads are actual clogs (oil + dead skin) and yes you can treat those. Sebaceous filaments, on the other hand are just pores doing thzir job. Totally normal. They just look worse when your skin gets irritated, oil production ramps up, oxidizes or when pores get stretched. Avoid: Extracting sebaceous filaments, inconsistent retinoid use, sleeping in makeup/sunscreen, flower/citrus essential oils, harsh cleansers that leave your skin “squeaky clean”, and pore strips or suction tools. submitted by /u/AssociateOld1303 to r/30PlusSkinCare [link] [comments]

Hi everyone! I’m 28M. Like every human, I have sebaceous filaments but mine were more noticeable than “normal.” I also have some blackheads… after my ex made me self-conscious about it I dug deep into the hole and geeked out researching what I can actually do. Outside of clinical treatments, I’ve pretty much tried everything: clay masks, nose strips, BHAs, sulfur, niacinamide, azelaic acid, retinoids, you name it. I wanted to share my progress after a couple months, my current routine, and a few tips I wish I’d known earlier. This will be a longer post, but hopefully it’s helpful. If you have questions lmk! Routine: Am: 1. Water rinse. 2. Clinical Vit C + E + Ferulic Defend Serum. 3. Skinfix: Triple Lipid-Peptide Cream. 4. La Roche Posay Anthelios UVMUNE 400 invisble fluid SPF 50+. Pm: 1. The Ordinary: Glucoside Foaming Cleanser + a couple drops of 1% salicylic oil mixed in. 2. Skinfix: Triple Lipid-Peptide Cream. (Mon, Wed, Fri) 3. CVS: Differin Adapalene Gel 0.1% (Entire face). + Dr Song 2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Gel Treatment Lotion (Acne spot treatment) (Tue, Thu, Sat) 3. Murmure: Bisou clarifying oil 1% salicylic acid (Nose spot treatment). Sunday no actives! Notes: - The Ordinary Cleanser - Skin-barrier friendly surfactants. - Clinical Vit C + E + Ferulic Defend Serum – Best Skinceuticals dupe. - CVS Differin + Dr Song - Epiduo equivalent but without the need of a prescription. - La Roche Posay Sunscreen - Non greasy, true protection. - Murmure Bisou - Salicylic acid in a lipid carrier. Blackheads vs. Sebaceous Filaments: Turns out not every dark dot on your nose is a blackhead. Blackheads are actual clogs (oil + dead skin) and yes you can treat those. Sebaceous filaments, on the other hand are just pores doing thzir job. Totally normal. They just look worse when your skin gets irritated, oil production ramps up, oxidizes or when pores get stretched. Avoid: Extracting sebaceous filaments, inconsistent retinoid use, sleeping in makeup/sunscreen, flower/citrus essential oils, harsh cleansers that leave your skin “squeaky clean”, and pore strips or suction tools. submitted by /u/AssociateOld1303 to r/SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

i do skincare two times a day morning and night so should i use both time serum? how many drop should i use? exactly which area i should i apply or should i apply it everywhere like forehead , nose, undereye,chin? submitted by /u/Silent_Year2886 to r/skincareaddictsindia [link] [comments]

I recently started using the anua serum because I have a couple left over dark spots from acne and read online that it's a really good product for acne scars. I've been using it after cleansing with cerave benzoyl peroxide wash and then after anua I add the clinque active glow serum in the morning, but I read online that it's best to use twice a day. At night I use winlevi with my .025 tretinoin, so i am a bit worried it may be overkill for my skin if i add anua. Has anyone ever tried layer anua with any of these products and if so, did it work well? submitted by /u/bananapassionfruit to r/KoreanBeauty [link] [comments]

I recently got this 10% bottle (10ml) to try it out on my skin..and now people are saying I should have started with 5% and how the 10% broke them out, this was getting bad reviews on this sub. (I swear I started seeing them just when I got it delivered 😭) Well, coming to the point..my skin is normal, like sometimes dry but sometimes it is slightly oily and mostly just normal. There aren't many pimples but 2-3 hormonal zit marks which I get as pms. I have never used anything on my face and this is my first skincare product. I have some sun damage on the face like dullness, redness (tanning) and textured rough skin near nose. So much so that my skin looks 25 year old at age 18.. I need radiance and smoothness I asked chatgpt about usage and it said one drop for 2-3 days a week. But one drop can't spread evenly on my skin and on using for 2 days I don't see any bad signs. My skin even looks very good just after application so I was curious. How frequently should I use it?? Rn I use it only in evening/night before sleeping, one drop each on both cheeks, forehead and chin. Will I get breakouts or bumps in a few days? I can't take the risk especially now submitted by /u/_reet to r/IndianSkincareAddicts [link] [comments]

Im somewhat new to skincare and have been testing out serums. I had some good recommendations from people and have been using pretty much all of them. My skin goal at the moment is to smoothen out my skin, my skin is kinda rough/bumpy and lessen my acne scars. I know I’m most likely putting on too many serums. Which ones should I get rid of? These are my serums: AIWEI: •Hyaluronic Acid Serum (With Collagen & Hyaluronic Acid) •Retinol Serum (With Vitamin E & Hyaluronic Acid) {Use For Morning Routine Only} •Vitamin C & E Serum (With Vitamin C & Hyaluronic Acid) THE ORDINARY: •Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% SKIN NUTRITION BOTANICALS: •Niacinamide 5% + Squalane Serum •Multi-Peptide Anti-Aging Serum •Glow Up Hyaluronic Acid 2% + Rice Ferment Night Booster {Night Routine Only} ECLAT: •Retinol Serum {Night Routine Only} SPA SCENTIALS: •24K Gold Flakes Serum {Day Routine Only} •Pearl Serum {Night Routine Only} submitted by /u/MckennaRomero to r/SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

(Photo from Google) How do you actually remove PIH/Leg Scars? I've always had peklat since I was a child. Nagka-peklat ako because of chicken pox, insect bites, and childhood wounds din talaga. Nakaka-insecure kasi when people point this out when I wear skirts. And I obvi do not want to hide my legs forever kasi ang init talaga sa Pinas! 😭 I've tried a routine for a few months but I have never been so diligent kasi minsan nakakatamad rin and you know that thing na di mo nakikita ang results kahit others said na may improvement naman. I just want to hear your thoughts and product recos. If ever you have had the same experience and how did you manage to get rid of your scars, the timeframe, your routine. Here are the products I have tried so far and also the routine: ☀️ Morning • Belo Kojic Acid + Tranexamic Acid Bar • Luxe Organix Niacinamide + Alpha Arbutin Body Wash (Pink Variant) • Dermorepubliq Alpha Arbutin + Tranexamic Acid Toner • Dermorepubliq 15% L-Ascorbic Acid + E Serum • Luxe Organix Niacinamide Lotion (Pink) • Luxe Organix Niacinamide + Tranexamic Acid SPF 50 🌜 Evening • Same bar and body wash • Dermorepubliq Glycolic Acid Toner • Dermorepubliq 10% Niacinamide Serum • Luxe Organix Retinol Lotion (Purple) I stopped using Dermorepubliq products and switched to Klued. Same routine but I have switched to their: • Multi-brightening Complex Serum • 5% Niacinamide Serum • 5% Mandelic Acid Toner I stopped using Dermorepubliq products ever since naka-receive ako ng idk defective siguro na Vitamin C serum. I always order 2 bottles every month ng sabayan para less hassle. At first, I received a clear vitamin C serum sa 1st bottle then sa 2nd bottle yellowish near dark orange na yung color niya. Idk why eh sabay lang naman dumating sa akin and same expiry date din sa bottles. Idk if what I'm doing is right haha I just want to know your thoughts kasi I do not want to spend so much on trying other products. As much as I want, gusto ko magtry ng products na proven effective talaga sa pagtanggal ng PIH huhu submitted by /u/chaeriontop_ to r/skincarephilippines [link] [comments]

Current skincare is just facewash, moisturizer, and sunscreen and does use exfoliating scrub. I want to incorporate minimalist niacinamide serum , please enlighten me submitted by /u/aquagurl07 to r/skincareaddictsindia [link] [comments]

So I just finished reading Skintelligent by Dr. Natalia Spierings and I think it might have just changed my life. This is going to be a long post. Cross-posted. Tl;Dr: The book, Skintelligent, radically changed the way I see skincare. Most "active" ingredients are marketing scams, and you only need to cleanse once a day with a very gentle, oil-based cleanser no matter your skin type, use targeted, mostly prescription treatments for skin concerns, and use Vaseline at night, only if you feel dry. Fancy stuff is fine and won't hurt you, but is a waste of money. However, I acknowledge that product preference is a very personal experience and that oil-based products are not right for everyone. I've read two other books on skincare in the past several months as well as done a lot of research on the Internet as I have recently become concerned with some minor signs of aging in my skin. The only issue I've had with acne since my early twenties was about 5 years ago when I got an IUD and developed severe cystic hormonal acne. I started spironolactone and have barely seen a few spots since then. I went through a period of depression after that and stopped doing anything to my skin, not even washing it unless I took a shower and that definitely didn't happen every day. Curiously, I still didn't have breakouts. I think I've been pretty lucky in the genetic lottery (only in the realm of skin, my overall health is not great). But in the last few months, I've been doing better with my mood and wanted to get serious about skincare again. I'm 37 and started noticing fine lines (my mom thinks I'm crazy lol). So I found a moisturizer that was from a reputable company that was "better" than the drugstore brands but wouldn't break my bank and bought that, a cleanser, a retinol serum, and sunscreen. I am pretty happy with them but haven't noticed any differences, so I started following this sub and skincare addicts and doing more research and decided that maybe I would "upgrade" when I was done with my current products and add a few more actives for anti-aging. Then someone recommended Skintelligent. The first book I read was written by a skincare journalist, so I wasn't totally sold on it, but I got it with my Kindle Unlimited subscription and figured it couldn't hurt. I was pretty impressed. The author had interviewed dermatologists and seemed to have read the scientific research. I was not surprised by any of her claims and it all made sense from what I remembered from my teen years, but with updated guidance. She described the parts of skin and how they work; skin typing; common issues, what cause them, and treatments and preventative measures; what ingredients to avoid; which actives actually work and how to tell effective products from those with problematic formulations; and what order in which to use the various types of products. I felt better informed, but mostly validated in what I already knew. The second book was more of the same, but perhaps a little less specific. Also, it was written by a dermatologist and she added some information on in-office procedures and more invasive treatments. Again, more validation. Skintelligent, however, was very different. Dr. Spierings is a consultant dermatologist in the UK and the book was published in 2022. She went much more in depth with her description of skin and with pretty much everything else she explained with actual scientific research backing it up. She explained the issues with most "scientific" studies and the ramifications those issues have on their claims. She provided information that indicates the marketing claims of every - and I mean every - active ingredient that hasn't been approved by the FDA (in the US), the MHRA (the UK), and the EMA (the EU) are over-inflated and under-fulfilled. Over the counter retinoids? She "critically appraised the randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled (meaning the effects of the 'vehicle' or cream that included the topical retinoid was compared to the effects of the cream without the retinoid) trials of the use of over the counter vitamin A products in the treatment of facial skin aging. Four of the trials showed no statistically significant differences between the vitamin A derivative product and vehicle. The remaining five trials provided weak evidence... of a mild positive effect on fine facial skin wrinkles only. However, these trials all had major issues with how they were performed which calls into question the validity of any positive results." Vitamin C? "The negative effects of UV light on skin happen in real time so the antioxidant must be present continuously in or on the skin at the correct concentration without being inactivated. So, if topical vitamins are meant to work as photo-protectants, they need to undergo the same type of vigorous real-life testing as sunscreens. More research is needed." Also, "vitamin C is a water-soluble and charged molecule and is repelled by the physical barrier of the cells of the epidermis... Topically applied vitamin C probably does not reach the dermis (the location of the collagen and elastin it supposedly works on) in any significant concentration." And finally, "if you have plenty of vitamin C in your blood, topical application does not increase skin vitamin C content." Hyaluronic acid? "There is only one clinical study examining the penetration of HA creams in the epidermis. Though... unblinded and uncontrolled with a very small sample size, it showed both high and low molecular weight HA in a cream base did not penetrate the stratum corneum (the outer layer of skin). Niacinamide? "Any study not sponsored by industry shows equivocal or negative findings." On the other hand, topical treatments that are prescribed by a doctor are safe and effective. This includes tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene (all versions of retinoic acid or vitamin A derivatives prescribed for acne, psoriasis, and anti-aging), hydroquinone (the "gold-standard" treatment for hyperpigmentation), and azelaic acid (best used for treating skin conditions in pregnancy, there are better, more effective treatments for acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation). Glycolic acid was noted to possibly enhance the appearance of skin without compromising its function when used regularly at low concentrations. The author mentioned that it "probably enhanced the effectiveness" of hydroquinone in the treatment of solar-induced pigmentation and melasma. Salicylic acid has comedone- (a type of acne) clearing as well as antibacterial properties. While tretinoin is more effective, salicylic acid can be used for mild acne. It is also useful to reduce scale in the treatment of dandruff. Benzoyl peroxide is "the most powerful topical treatment for acne" and can safely be used in combination with adapalene, salicylic acid, and antibiotics. Use of BP with tretinoin should be separated with the tretinoin at night and the BP in the morning, if it's necessary. Topical treatments for acne should be used on the entire face and not as a spot treatment, "in fact, using topical acne medications on fully inflamed lesions potentially further irritates already irritated skin... and might be the reason why acne appears to 'get worse' at the beginning of treatment with a topical retinoid." However, light therapy for acne or anti-aging is a "marketing gimmick and won't help." For a skincare, she said simple is best. "Focus on targeted prescription products for your skincare complaint. Everything else is unnecessary." Her tips for a good routine: "Use a cleanser you like that doesn't leave your skin feeling super tight or dry afterwards (she recommends oil cleansers for everyone as they are gentle, once a day), use an SPF in a vehicle you like during the day, and use a moisturizer that is as greasy-feeling as you can stand at night (she recommends Vaseline)." She also recommends ditching eye creams (uses the same active ingredients as products for the whole face at the same concentrations) and the grainy exfoliator (Or anything other than glycolic or salicylic acid in general. Unless you have acne concerns, the skin exfoliates efficiently on its own and doesn't need help. These products have only a temporary effect at best and, at worst, can damage your skin's natural barrier.). Her product recommendations may not work for you, but I think the principle of simple skincare using only a few effective ingredients is generally a sound one. The bottom line: you don't need to spend extra cash on fancy moisturizers, serums, toners, masks or anything else. If you like the products, they are totally fine to use and not harmful. Just don't expect them to do magic. So I'm going to try it! I'll pare down my routine and see about getting a prescription for tretinoin. And that will be all I'll use. I'll let you know how it goes in a few months! Edited to change inflammatory language and clarify my views versus her opinions. submitted by /u/smalltigercat to r/30PlusSkinCare [link] [comments]

Hey-Oh! So, I see some form of this question multiple times per day in various skin and personal care subs: How do I deal with my hyperpigmentation? I also asked myself this question a few years ago. See, I'm prone to freckles and a little melasma and I set out to figure out a way to solve it with years of research, trial and error, testing, talking to dermatologists and professionals, and scouring every medical article I could get my hands on. I wanted to share my findings and research since this is a common concern, especially among people in their 30s. This started as a small post about my routine and ballooned into a massive book about hyperpigmentation. I hope it's helpful! DISCLAIMERS: I use the term "brightening" instead of "lightening" which is a subtle distinction. None of the ingredients or methods I recommend bleach your skin as "lightening" would suggest, but they can reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation. "Brightening" tends to be a confusing term in skincare, but for the purposes of this post, I use it as a descriptor for anything that helps prevent or reduce melanin in hyperpigmented skin. I will use the term "hyperpigmentation" ad nauseam as a catch-all term for excess pigmentation in the skin including freckles, melasma, PIH and dark spots. This does not encompass moles which are different. This is also different from redness, which is a whole other post. Speaking about hyperpigmentation requires some sensitivity to very real issues around it including cultural implications. This post is not intended to moralize hyperpigmentation nor is it intended to alienate the normal melaninization of skin across various tones. Hyperpigmentation refers to excess melanin production on the skin in the form of spots that are darker than the surrounding skin. It's not bad or wrong, nor does it speak to anyone not "doing a good enough job" of taking care of themselves. I do repeat myself a few times in here but that is for people who are skipping around the article. I want to be as thorough as possible even if you're jumping to the parts of the post you need. I do run an online dermatology practice and skin care consultancy, but in order to protect the integrity of my advice, I do not promote my business, I don't give direct medical advice, I don't link to any products/websites, and I don't have any products I've formulated myself to promote. This is going to get long because I wanted to cover everything re:hyperpigmentation. But for your reading pleasure and ease, I have divided this post up so you can get whatever information you need: Table of Contents Types of Hyperpigmentation What Causes Hyperpigmentation? How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 1: The Ingredients How to Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 2: The Routine and Recommendations Body Hyperpigmentation Nuclear Options Let's get to it! Types of Hyperpigmentation Hyperpigmentation refers to excess melanin production in the skin, but it can actually take a couple different forms. Knowing the type of hyperpigmentation you're experiencing is key to understanding if and how it can be treated. Freckles: Freckles are incredibly common, especially for people with lighter skin tones. They are small, brown or reddish-brown dots often clustered on the skin. They develop on the surface and are not raised bumps. Freckles can appear anywhere on the body but are common on the face. Freckles are permanent, but the color, contrast and severity can vary and be tempered. Melasma: Melasma appears as dark patches or splotches around the face, though usually found on the forehead, upper lip, and high on the cheeks. Melasma forms deeper in the skin and appears more amorphous than freckles, moles, or age spots. It can create a “muddy” appearance and is very common among pregnant and postpartum women due to hormonal factors. But it can literally happen to anyone and anywhere on the body. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurs when damaged skin forms melanin during the healing process leaving dark spots. This is common after acne, injuries, eczema, burns, and other trauma to the skin. Exposure to UV rays during healing can make PIH worse. Post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) is similar, but leaves pink or red marks on the skin as a result of damage to the capillaries from injury or inflammation. Basically, when skin is compromised by injury, as part of the immune response cells will begin to generate melanin in an attempt to prevent further damage from UV exposure, so what will happen is the wound/legion/blemish will heal but the pigmented skin remains. Age Spots: This is kind of a forgotten form of hyperpigmentation. Sun spots, also referred to as liver spots, and solar lentigines are large spots/patches of dark skin with distinct borders. They vary in color from light brown to almost black. They develop on the surface of the skin usually later in life, but reflect damage that often occurred from improper sun protection at a younger age. They can appear on the face, neck, chest, hands, and arms, usually on areas that had UV exposure. For many people, they can begin to appear in your 30s or 40s. What Causes Hyperpigmentation? There are a number of factors that can contribute to the formation of hyperpigmentation. Generally, it forms as the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Everyone is unique, but these are some of the most common causes of hyperpigmentation and dark spots: Genetics can play a role in the development of hyperpigmentation and dark spots in several ways: Melanin production: Melanin is the pigment that provides color to our skin, hair, and eyes. The amount of melanin produced and distributed in the skin is largely determined by genetics. People with a greater genetic predisposition to melanin production in their skin are more likely to experience hyperpigmentation and dark spots as a result of sun exposure, hormonal changes, and other factors. People with darker skin are also more prone to melanin production in the form of hyperpigmentation. Genetic anomalies: Certain genetic anomalies, such as oculocutaneous albinism, can affect melanin production and distribution in the skin, leading to an increased risk of hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Family history: If you have a family history of hyperpigmentation or dark spots, you may be more likely to develop these conditions yourself. Enzymes and genes: The enzymes that control melanin production and distribution are regulated by specific genes. Variations in these genes can impact melanin production, leading to an increased risk of hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Sun (UV) Exposure. In addition to genetic determination of melanin production, UV exposure is the leading environmental cause of hyperpigmentation and the formation of dark spots. Melanin is the pigment that provides color to our skin, hair, and eyes. It acts as a natural sunscreen (but don't treat it like natural sunscreen!!! This isn't the point of the exercise), absorbing UV radiation to protect the skin from damage. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation, the melanocytes (cells that produce melanin) in the skin go into overdrive, producing more melanin to protect the skin from further damage. This increased melanin production can result in dark spots or areas of hyperpigmentation on the skin. Hormones. In addition to genetic determination of melanin production, hormones and hormonal sensitivity is a leading internal cause of hyperpigmentation and the formation of dark spots. One of the most well-known examples of hormonal hyperpigmentation is melasma, a condition characterized by dark, amorphous patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. Melasma is often associated with hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy, hormonal therapy, or birth control pill use. The hormonal changes can stimulate an increase in melanin production, resulting in dark spots or areas of hyperpigmentation. This can happen irrespective of UV exposure, though the sun does exacerbate it. Hormones can also affect melanin production by altering the skin's metabolism and pigmentation pathways. For example, high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during stress, can trigger an increase in melanin production, resulting in hyperpigmentation. Inflammation, Injury & Trauma to the skin can result in hyperpigmentation by triggering an increase in melanin production. When the skin is inflamed or injured, it triggers a response from the body's immune system, which can stimulate an increase in melanin production as a protective measure. For example, acne breakouts or other skin injuries can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which is characterized by dark spots or areas of discoloration on the skin. The dark spots are a result of an increase in melanin production in the affected area, which occurs in response to the inflammation or injury. In addition to acne and other skin injuries, other conditions that can result in PIH include eczema, psoriasis, and insect bites. Medication Side Effects. Certain medications can cause hyperpigmentation on the skin. Medications that can cause hyperpigmentation include: Tetracycline antibiotics: Tetracycline antibiotics, such as doxycycline and minocycline, can cause discoloration of the skin and teeth when taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Chemotherapy drugs: Certain chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin and daunorubicin, can cause hyperpigmentation, especially in areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun. Hormonal medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills and estrogen replacements, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if they are taken for an extended period of time. Antimalarial drugs: Antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Isotretinoin aka accutane when taken for acne can cause hyperpigmentation due to the increase of cell turnover and exposing delicate new skin cells to UV rays before they have shored up. If using these medications is necessary for your livelihood, it is not recommended to stop their use without the recommendation of your doctor. How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 1: The Ingredients When looking for skin care products to treat and prevent hyperpigmentation and dark spots, it's important to look for ingredients that can help encourage cell turnover, curb melanin production, and block harmful UV rays. A lot of these things overlap with treatments for other conditions like acne and general anti-aging, but I've noted ones that specifically work on the mechanisms controlling melanin production. Now, this is an extensive list, but I know it doesn't have everything. I've included the ingredients that had the most compelling evidence and/or worked the best for me or people at my practice. But it's also not necessarily a shopping list. You don't have to have all of these things to treat hyperpigmentation, but I'll get to that in the routine portion. This is more to be used as a tool that can help you diversify your routine if you find one ingredient or another doesn't work for you. And it can help you determine if a product targets hyperpigmentation based on its ingredients. There's lot's of options. Some of the key ingredients to look for include: Retinoids that increases cell turnover. Retinoids like tretinoin, adapalene, retinol et al, can help treat hyperpigmentation by promoting the turnover of skin cells and increasing cell growth, which can help fade dark spots and improve overall skin tone by replacing pigmented skin cells at the surface. While retinoids are extremely effective, they do have some caveats. First, they can be sensitizing to a lot of users, but this can be tempered by using different form functions, different application methods, or different concentrations. Second, because it's constantly turning over skin exposing delicate new skin cells to the elements, it can actually worsen hyperpigmentation if you're not vigilant about sun protection and avoidance. Tretinoin and other retinoids are firewalled behind a prescription in some countries and may be more difficult to obtain. But retinol/al is available in OTC forms. SPF represents a class of many ingredients designed to protect the skin from UV rays and the damage that occurs from exposure. UV exposure is one of the biggest causes of fine hyperpigmentation and wrinkles so adequate protection is essential. I know I'm not winning any science awards for this declaration, but a lot of people who struggle with hyperpigmentation aren't adequately protecting themselves from the sun. But you also have to be kind of realistic. Even with perfect protection and avoidance, sometimes your hyperpigmentation will still flare. This happens during the summer for a lot of people and something even I grapple with. The key is to do your best and SPF actually works well with numerous other ingredients (like the ones listed below) to help solve that problem. Arbutin is a Tyrosinase Inhibitor that blocks melanin production. Arbutin, or the synthesized version called alpha arbutin, is a favorite brightening ingredient because it's a slow-release derivative of hydroquinone that inhibits melanin production. This results in both healing and prevention of dark spots, especially when paired with topical acids. It metabolizes on the skin into hydroquinone which is super effective for hyperpigmentation while being a less controversial and hard-to-come-by ingredient than pure hydroquinone. More on hydroquinone in part 6. Tranexamic acid is another Tyrosinase Inhibitor. This was first used in wound care and it was found to have profound effects on hyperpigmentation. Although it's an acid, it's not a chemical exfoliant, kinda like how hyaluronic acid is not a chemical exfoliant. The exact mechanism by which tranexamic acid works to reduce hyperpigmentation is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by reducing inflammation by blocking plasmin which contributes to melanin production when unchecked. It is particularly effective in treating melasma and one of my personal favorite ingredients. Kojic Acid is another Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Kojic acid is a natural skin brightener that is derived from various fungi. Kojic acid can also help to exfoliate because it's a slight chemical exfoliant, which can remove dead skin cells that contribute to hyperpigmentation and improve overall appearance. But it does both things: block melanin production and turn skin cells over. Azelaic Acid has a lot of things going for it that can help with hyperpigmentation. It's an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic that disrupts melanin production. Azelaic acid works by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin like those other tyrosinase inhibitors. In addition, azelaic acid also has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by reducing melanin production as a result of injury or inflammation. It's also an anti-acne ingredient that can address the root cause of PIH by reducing acne on the skin. It's pretty awesome and available in OTC and prescription strengths. Niacinamide is another one that directly and indirectly addresses hyperpigmentation. It's a skin soother that decreases inflammation and it naturally reduces sebum production which can curb acne which can curb PIH. It actually took me a little while to figure out that this was another solid hyperpigmentation treatment for these reasons because I used to look at it as being more of an acne treatment. Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that works by inhibiting the transfer of pigment within the skin, which can help to reduce the appearance of dark spots and uneven skin tone. So while it doesn't block tyrosinase, it prevents transfer of pigmented skin cells to the surface. Vitamin C aka L-ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that fights free radical damage. It treats and prevents hyperpigmentation in three ways. First, it reduces free radical damage from UV exposure which helps increase the effectiveness of SPF when worn together. Second, it is also a tyrosinase inhibitor that blocks melanin production. And finally, vitamin C encourages skin cell turnover. The key is finding a nice stable version of it. Glycolic and Lactic Acid. Since this list is getting long I am going to group these together. Glycolic Acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid that penetrates into the pores to treat pigmentation by providing general exfoliation and resurfacing of the skin. The result is improvements in dark spots, texture and other signs of aging. Lactic Acid is also an AHA but with a slightly larger molecular size than glycolic acid so it doesn't penetrate as deep and acts more as a surface exfoliant. As a result it provides more gentle exfoliation to buff away surface pigmentation with an added benefit of acting as a humectant to seal moisture into the skin. Licorice Extract is a plant extract that inhibits melanin production. Licorice root extract contains a compound called glabridin, which has been shown to have skin brightening effects as, you guessed it, a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, licorice root extract also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce redness and inflammation associated with hyperpigmentation. I'm seeing more and more of this pop up in skin care. Soy Proteins are another plant extract that inhibits melanin production. They contain compounds known as isoflavones, which have been shown to help reduce the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin. Additionally, soy proteins have antioxidant properties that can help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to hyperpigmentation. How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 2: The Routine and Recommendations This is adapted from numerous comments, posts and DMs I've written on the topic and also comprises a large portion of my own personal routine and routines we recommend to patients. This is a generalist routine meaning it targets all the forms of hyperpigmentation I've mentioned; freckles, melasma, PIH, and age spots though it can be tweaked to address these individually more specifically. This is really my jumping off point for people to get a good idea of what they can achieve as a baseline with OTC ingredients before fine tuning or enlisting the help of a dermatologist. For a lot of people, this is enough to fully resolve, but even if it gets you part of the way there, this should give you a good idea of reactivity. A few caveats: Freckles cannot ever be 100% eradicated. You can however reduce their appearance and prevent them from getting darker. It's important to have realistic goals and understand that sometimes our genetics will overrule any routine we have. This routine and any hyperpigmentation routine will not address moles. Moles are a totally different thing that can only be eradicated through removal by a medical practitioner. Moles can be raised or not, but no amount of topicals will get rid of them. Melasma is a beast. Sometimes it can be treated with OTC topicals, sometimes it requires prescription strength topicals like hydroquinone, sometimes you need in-office procedures like fractal lasers or IPL. Again, this routine is a jumping off point to see what you can accomplish at home before going down that road. You'll notice I don't mention products with all the ingredients I listed above. This is because the more you put on your face, the greater your risk of causing irritation. Again, you can adjust and tweak by switching out products with these ingredients or add/subtract as it suits your personal needs. If you're struggling with hyperpigmentation while pregnant or breastfeeding, these recommendations may need to be paused. Alright, let's get to it! AM routine -- The Goal: Heal, Protect, and Prevent. In order of application following a lukewarm water rinse: Azelaic acid Alpha Arbutin Vitamin C serum Moisturizer SPF The combo of C+AZ+AA+SPF is an absolute powerhouse for healing existing hyperpigmentation and preventing new hyperpigmentation from forming. It makes your SPF more effective, it inhibits the production of melanin from UV exposure (not your natural melanin production though), and it speeds cell turnover with dual antioxidant action and gentle chemical exfoliation. The result is brighter skin in a few months of consistent use. For Azelaic Acid, this is the ingredient for serious treatment. It's considered one of the most effective ways to reverse melasma aka serious hyperpigmentation short of hydroquinone -- which is both controversial and hard to get. It brings a little bit of exfoliation to the table in addition to inhibiting UV melanin production, but it also has a slight antiseptic property which can help with acne. Paula's choice Azelaic Acid Booster is the only one I've really tried after sampling the Ordinary's in-store and not liking the texture. I get about 6 months out of a tube and a little bit goes a long way. For Alpha Arbutin, the Ordinary's formulation is pretty solid. I prefer the Ordinary's AA 2% + HA as opposed to their AA 2% + Ascorbic Acid 8% as I don't believe the quality and stability of their Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is great. That's why I opt for a separate Vitamin C serum step. But the AA + HA also has a little bit of lactic acid in it which provides some gentle exfoliation and encourages AA deeper into the skin where it's more effective. Lactic acid is mild enough that it's safe for use in a morning routine, but you still want to protect with SPF. There are a couple AA products floating around but I think TO's product is probably the best, most straightforward one. Alpha Arbutin metabolizes into hydroquinone on the skin so is basically one of the best OTC pigment correctors you can get. For Vitamin C, the gold standard really is Skinceuticals CE Ferulic. This is stupid expensive though so I’m going to suggest Timeless Vitamin C. I like that it comes in an airless pump that prevents oxidation over time. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that increases the rate of skin cell turnover bringing forward new, skin cells while simultaneously improving the effects of SPF. It's a great foundation for a fix. These ingredients can be layered on one right after the other then topped with your moisturizer (I like a basic one like cetaphil daily lotion), then topped with your SPF. The SPF I would recommend is Canmake UV mermaid gel in clear as this will not leave a white cast on your skin and it’s generally a very elegant SPF. It's SPF 50 which means it gives really good protection, but there are numerous SPFs you can try. I personally like anything from La Roche Posay, any Neutrogena SPF that's not formulated with ethylhexylglycerin, Supergoop Unseen Sunscreen, Biore Aqua Rich (another Japanese brand), Trader Joe's SPF if you can get your hands on it, and EltaMD. Of all the products I’ve tried that could act as a stand-in for vitamin c, azelaic acid, and alpha arbutin, there’s one Japanese serum from Hada Labo called “whitening lotion” which has had the biggest impact on my hyperpigmentation in a single product of anything I’ve tried. This might be a little too effective though, I actually find that it washed me out within the first 2 weeks of twice daily use, so now I only use it in the morning. And I’m not a fan of the translation… which is a direct but mistranslation. It’s not a bleaching lotion, it also relies on a form of vitamin C and tranexamic acid to brighten skin. But it's a really interesting to try if you wanted a simplified morning routine in which case I would apply this, then your moisturizer, then your SPF. PM routine -- The Goal: Renew and Reveal. In order of application: Cleanse Buffer Tranexamic acid and exfoliant OR retinoid** Moisturize To cleanse, I have a really basic recommendation that will remove your SPF, makeup, and any grime/sebum from your day. Start with Cetaphil gentle cleanser. This is a gentle, hydrating cleanser that will break up your SPF really effectively. Massage in and rinse. Then apply a foaming cleanser, I recommend Cetaphil daily cleanser which foams. This will sweep away anything that’s left and give you a good foundation for the rest of your routine. While this doesn't directly help hyperpigmentation specifically, it's a critical step especially for people who are acne>PIH prone. It also gives you a nice clean slate to apply the rest of your skincare. I've tried dozens of cleansers but always come back to these two as good basic options. For your Buffer this is an important step that can be done prior to using a chemical exfoliant or retinoid: applying an occlusive that will block the active from more sensitive skin. I recommend buffering around your eyes and nostrils with La Roche Posay Cicaplast balm because it kind of doubles as a nice eye cream, but this can also be done with basic vaseline or aquaphor for a more budget-friendly option. For Tranexamic Acid, my holy grail TXA product, La Roche Posay Glycolic B5 is actually a multipurpose serum that combines ingredients to treat hyperpigmentation with chemical exfoliants. It contains two hyperpigmentation heavy hitters -- Tranexamic acid and Kojic Acid which are great for melasma -- and two exfoliants -- Glycolic Acid and Lipo-Hydroxy Acid (LHA) which is like fancy salicylic acid -- so it both reveals new skin cells that are less prone to pigmenting from UV exposure while sloughing away your old skin cells. You can use this 2 or 3 nights per week. On off nights, just cleanse and moisturize. For a Retinoid if you can get prescription tretinoin, this is going to be the best bet. Your doctor will advise you on the concentration. More on that in part 6. It will help speed up the rate of cell turnover bringing new, unpigmented skin cells to the surface faster. Some other OTC options include differin (which is rated more for acne but uses the same mechanism for cell turnover so it's also effective in this use case) and retinols. Now, I haven't tried every retinol on the market but I have two that I stand by: SkinCeuticals retinol and L'Oreal retinol serum. The SkinCeuticals is, in my opinion, the closest to RX tretinoin in terms of efficacy, but it's a little pricey. The L'Oreal also does a really good job and is a little more affordable. It's currently my go-to OTC on the days I'm not using my RX retinoid tazarotene. You can use this 2 or 3 nights per week. On off nights, just cleanse and moisturize. ** My recommendations for tranexamic acid and retinoids CANNOT be used in the same night. You'll nuke your skin. And for most people, both aren't necessary, you can get away with using one or the other. If I had a preference, I would say use the TXA serum instead of a retinoid, but if you can build up a tolerance to using them both without damaging your barrier, they work really well together. So, proceed with caution. If you want to use both, use them on alternate nights and give yourself a night or two without either to let your skin recover. For me personally, I do retinoids on Sundays, and Wednesdays, chemical exfoliants on Mondays and Thursdays, and I let my skin rest (cleanse, moisturize, squalene oil) on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. On top of whichever active you choose, apply your moisturizer. You can use the same one you use in your morning routine, the Cetaphil daily lotion as it’s nice and light. I also like La Roche Posay Toleraine double repair for a ceramide-based cream alternative if you want something richer. You do not want to "slug" over actives. This advice gets mixed in a lot. Slugging refers to applying an occlusive layer over your skincare such as vaseline, aquaphor, oils like squalene oil, or healing balms like La Roche Posay Cicaplast balm. While this can be done on hydration nights, it should not be done on nights when you're using chemical exfoliants or retinoids as this may make them too effective causing irritation and breakouts. Body Hyperpigmentation Ok, I need everyone to be a grownup for two seconds. These products and methods (both from the prior section and this section) should NOT be used on your genitals. First, you can cause serious irritation or infection by applying active skincare to your genitals. Second, it's really not going to do anything to change the pigmentation of the skin there. The skin on your genitals is different than your body and facial skin and it pigments in different ways for different reasons so it's not going to respond to topicals the same way the rest of your body does. Don't even try it. To be perfectly clear, these are the areas you should not be applying skincare: labia majora, labia minora, vaginal entrance or vagina, clitoral hood, perineum, anus, intergluteal cleft aka inside your butt crack, penis, or scrotum. And I say this as someone who chaffed the precipice of her "intergluteal cleft" in an unfortunate crunches-in-the-wrong-gym-shorts accident leaving me with some deeply incriminating hyperpigmentation and earning me the nickname "skid mark" from my ever loving boyfriend. It faded after a year but you can still send prayers. These are areas you can apply skincare but do so with absolute caution and at your own risk: bikini line, mons pubis, inner thigh up to the groin fold, butt cheeks. Ok, now that we've got the disclaimers out of the way, let's move forward. Hyperpigmentation can also occur on body skin for the same reason it appears on the face, but it can also be triggered by friction. And because body skin is different from facial skin, it requires a slightly different approach. This is my recommendation for both hyperpigmentation and KP (Keratosis pilaris) because they rely on the same mechanism for treatment: chemical exfoliation. In the case of body hyperpigmentation, I recommend a two prong approach: a body wash in the shower and a topical treatment to be used after. Oh, and SPF again if there are areas that are exposed to the sun, and I have a holy grail SPF recommendation for this. Now you may have noticed in my facial skin recommendation that I did not mention CeraVe as a treatment brand. I have posted numerous takedowns of CeraVe on other threads so I won't rehash them here suffice it to say that it's no longer a brand I can in good faith recommend since it's acquisition by L'Oreal. This is often the brand that's considered when treating KP on the body, but I don't believe their formulations and ingredient quality works for everyone. For the body wash, I recommend Neutrogena body clear with Salicylic acid. This is an exfoliating body wash that will help clear away dead skin cells on the surface allowing new ones to come through. To be effective, you want it to sit on your skin for a little while. I recommend lathering it up and applying it after turning off your shower faucet and letting it sit for 2 or 3 minutes. This is when I like to knock out shower emails. Then rinse away. On towel dried skin after your shower, apply AmLactin Bumps Be Gone. Again, this is formulated for KP but the reason I like it is because it contains lactic acid which will also give the assist on brightening hyperpigmented body skin. The wash and this should be effective, but you might also want to mix in a few drops of the alpha arbutin serum I recommended for your facial routine, maybe three drops per application area (each leg, each arm, chest, etc). I generally don't encourage facial products on the body because it's not an economical use for them, and also because body skin is a little more resilient and doesn't need skincare that's formulated for more sensitive facial skin. The AA serum from the Ordinary is very affordable however and is a good hyperpigmentation generalist. Another one that I mentioned in the facial hyperpigmentation portion that can work well on the body is the Hada Labo whitening lotion. Again, this is formulated around tranexamic acid which is very effective for hyperpigmentation and a little bit if this stuff goes a long way. I buy it in bulk from Japanese Importers though it's also available on Amazon for a slightly higher price. If you find yourself in Asia, stock up on it. I use this specifically for fading tan lines that happen (even with diligent/neurotic SPF use) around my fitness watch and the straps of my workout tops that I run in. You also want to wear SPF on areas that are exposed to the sun to prevent pigmentation from occurring. The one I absolutely love that’s not your 90’s banana boat is Aveeno Protect + Hydrate lotion with SPF 60. This is a great SPF for a lot of reasons: it finishes like a lotion instead of a sunscreen, it dries down totally clear, and it has a pleasant, slight sweet scent. On a scale of 1-10 with 1 being bare skin, 10 being banana boat slathered on by your mom in 1997, and regular body lotion being a 2, I give Aveeno Protect + Hydrate a 2.5 in terms of texture and feel-finish. I use it as my daily lotion on my neck, arms, shoulders, and chest. If you're more active you might need a heavier hitter here like a sport sunscreen. Nuclear Options In general, I recommend trying OTC topical solutions for any skin concern before heading down the in-office procedure route. Part of this is because you can usually put a good dent in what you're struggling with by using OTC topicals, making in-office procedures and RX treatments easier and more effective. Part of it is so you have a good maintenance routine in place to use after the fact to preserve the results of your in-office procedure which can sometimes be costly. Lastly, while some procedures can solve the immediate problem completely, topical skincare can be really effective at treating other adjacent conditions like redness, acne, and fine lines. Side note: I haven't listed every possible compounded medication because there are a lot, and many compounded meds are formulated to tackle multiple issues like acne and hyperpigmentation. I also tend to favor single note skin care (aka, products with very few ingredients) as this allows you to combine or remove certain actives and gives you a better sense of reactivity. For tougher-to-treat hyperpigmentation such as melasma, if your topical routine doesn't totally clear the problem in 6 to 8 months, a visit to the dermatologist might be helpful. Here are the heavier-hitting procedures and topicals that can go the extra mile after you've exhausted other options. Medical Grade Peels: Medical grade chemical peels can be done by dermatologists. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or phenol peels may be done for cases of severe hyperpigmentation, but high concentration BHA or AHA peels are also commonly used. I do these twice a year. Because of the strength of the acids used, these must be done by a medical professional with careful followup. ***IPL Therapy and Laser Therapy may not work for everyone and in some cases may exacerbate hyperpigmentation so you really want to work with dermatologists with a lot of experience in treating cases similar to yours to determine if these interventions are appropriate for you. IPL Treatment: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy can treat hyperpigmentation by targeting the melanin in the skin with a broad spectrum of light wavelengths, heating and breaking the melanin down. IPL is particularly effective for treating sun damage and age spots, as well as other forms of hyperpigmentation. The treatment is relatively non-invasive, with minimal downtime, making it a popular option. This is also a great treatment for the redness associated with enlarged blood vessels (often confused for broken capillaries) on the surface of the skin which can also appear alongside hyperpigmentation. There isn't any clinical evidence to support at-home IPL devices being effective in the same way. That doesn't mean it's not possible, it's just not studied enough to be certain. Most at-home IPL devices do not operate in effective wavelengths the way professional grade ones do. Laser Therapy: Fractional and CO2 lasers can be used to treat a range of hyperpigmentation issues, including sun damage, age spots, and melasma. The treatment works by removing the top layers of skin, which contain the excess pigmentation, revealing fresh, healthy skin cells underneath. The lasers also stimulate the production of collagen, which helps to improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Hydroquinone: This isn't an in-office procedure like the aforementioned treatments, but it is firewalled behind a prescription meaning you can only access hydroquinone in effective concentrations by working with a doctor. This is a somewhat new development at least in the US following some covid-era rejiggering of prescription clearances. HDQ is controversial because it's a skin bleaching agent which has some cultural implications in places where light skin is favored over natural pigmentation. HDQ technically works the same way other OTC tyrosinase inhibitors do (in fact arbutin actually metabolizes into HDQ when applied to the skin), pure HDQ happens to be the most powerful version of them. It lightens any skin it touches, not just hyperpigmented skin in higher concentrations which can make it tough to use. This effect isn't as profound in the other tyrosinase inhibitors I mentioned making them much easier to use over HDQ which, in high concentrations, must be dotted on the skin in only hyperpigmented areas. So HDQ is really reserved for intervention in extreme or OTC treatment-resistance cases. Tretinoin and Prescription Retinoids: This is going to be dependent on what part of the world you're in, but in a lot of countries, tretinoin and its counterparts like tazarotene are only available through prescription. I mentioned retinoids in the routine so if you're able to get your hands on a prescription from a doctor, it may be more effective than OTC retinols. Most doctors will prescribe a retinoid over hydroquinone, so this is usually easier to procure and can be quite effective on its own as a hyperpigmentation treatment. OTC differin is the only retinoid available over-the-counter (in the US) which can also be used for hyperpigmentation. Prescription Azelaic Acid: This is another one that's available in lower concentrations over-the-counter (which can still be quite effective) but there are prescription strength grades of azelaic acid. This is usually reserved for rosacea treatment as it tends to target redness and flushing, or as an acne treatment because of its antiseptic properties, but it can also be an effective hyperpigmentation treatment for its tyrosinase-inhibiting ability. If you made it this far, congratulations! I hope this information is helpful. While it is extensive and based on massive amount of research, experience, experimentation and work with professionals, it may not be perfect and it may not be suitable for everyone. Feel free to offer any constructive criticism or ask any questions in comments. I am always open to expanding my understanding. submitted by /u/YourBrilliantLayer to r/SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

Hey-Oh! So, I see some form of this question multiple times per day in various skin and personal care subs: How do I deal with my hyperpigmentation? I also asked myself this question a few years ago. See, I'm prone to freckles and a little melasma and I set out to figure out a way to solve it with years of research, trial and error, testing, talking to dermatologists and professionals, and scouring every medical article I could get my hands on. I wanted to share my findings and research since this is a common concern, especially among people in their 30s. This started as a small post about my routine and ballooned into a massive book about hyperpigmentation. I hope it's helpful! DISCLAIMERS: I use the term "brightening" instead of "lightening" which is a subtle distinction. None of the ingredients or methods I recommend bleach your skin as "lightening" would suggest, but they can reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation. "Brightening" tends to be a confusing term in skincare, but for the purposes of this post, I use it as a descriptor for anything that helps prevent or reduce melanin in hyperpigmented skin. I will use the term "hyperpigmentation" ad nauseam as a catch-all term for excess pigmentation in the skin including freckles, melasma, PIH and dark spots. This does not encompass moles which are different. This is also different from redness, which is a whole other post. Speaking about hyperpigmentation requires some sensitivity to very real issues around it including cultural implications. This post is not intended to moralize hyperpigmentation nor is it intended to alienate the normal melaninization of skin across various tones. Hyperpigmentation refers to excess melanin production on the skin in the form of spots that are darker than the surrounding skin. It's not bad or wrong, nor does it speak to anyone not "doing a good enough job" of taking care of themselves. I do repeat myself a few times in here but that is for people who are skipping around the article. I want to be as thorough as possible even if you're jumping to the parts of the post you need. I do run an online dermatology practice and skin care consultancy, but in order to protect the integrity of my advice, I do not promote my business, I don't give direct medical advice, I don't link to any products/websites, and I don't have any products I've formulated myself to promote. This is going to get long because I wanted to cover everything re:hyperpigmentation. But for your reading pleasure and ease, I have divided this post up so you can get whatever information you need: Table of Contents Types of Hyperpigmentation What Causes Hyperpigmentation? How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 1: The Ingredients How to Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 2: The Routine and Recommendations Body Hyperpigmentation Nuclear Options Let's get to it! Types of Hyperpigmentation Hyperpigmentation refers to excess melanin production in the skin, but it can actually take a couple different forms. Knowing the type of hyperpigmentation you're experiencing is key to understanding if and how it can be treated. Freckles: Freckles are incredibly common, especially for people with lighter skin tones. They are small, brown or reddish-brown dots often clustered on the skin. They develop on the surface and are not raised bumps. Freckles can appear anywhere on the body but are common on the face. Freckles are permanent, but the color, contrast and severity can vary and be tempered. Melasma: Melasma appears as dark patches or splotches around the face, though usually found on the forehead, upper lip, and high on the cheeks. Melasma forms deeper in the skin and appears more amorphous than freckles, moles, or age spots. It can create a “muddy” appearance and is very common among pregnant and postpartum women due to hormonal factors. But it can literally happen to anyone and anywhere on the body. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurs when damaged skin forms melanin during the healing process leaving dark spots. This is common after acne, injuries, eczema, burns, and other trauma to the skin. Exposure to UV rays during healing can make PIH worse. Post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) is similar, but leaves pink or red marks on the skin as a result of damage to the capillaries from injury or inflammation. Basically, when skin is compromised by injury, as part of the immune response cells will begin to generate melanin in an attempt to prevent further damage from UV exposure, so what will happen is the wound/legion/blemish will heal but the pigmented skin remains. Age Spots: This is kind of a forgotten form of hyperpigmentation. Sun spots, also referred to as liver spots, and solar lentigines are large spots/patches of dark skin with distinct borders. They vary in color from light brown to almost black. They develop on the surface of the skin usually later in life, but reflect damage that often occurred from improper sun protection at a younger age. They can appear on the face, neck, chest, hands, and arms, usually on areas that had UV exposure. For many people, they can begin to appear in your 30s or 40s. What Causes Hyperpigmentation? There are a number of factors that can contribute to the formation of hyperpigmentation. Generally, it forms as the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Everyone is unique, but these are some of the most common causes of hyperpigmentation and dark spots: Genetics can play a role in the development of hyperpigmentation and dark spots in several ways: Melanin production: Melanin is the pigment that provides color to our skin, hair, and eyes. The amount of melanin produced and distributed in the skin is largely determined by genetics. People with a greater genetic predisposition to melanin production in their skin are more likely to experience hyperpigmentation and dark spots as a result of sun exposure, hormonal changes, and other factors. People with darker skin are also more prone to melanin production in the form of hyperpigmentation. Genetic anomalies: Certain genetic anomalies, such as oculocutaneous albinism, can affect melanin production and distribution in the skin, leading to an increased risk of hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Family history: If you have a family history of hyperpigmentation or dark spots, you may be more likely to develop these conditions yourself. Enzymes and genes: The enzymes that control melanin production and distribution are regulated by specific genes. Variations in these genes can impact melanin production, leading to an increased risk of hyperpigmentation and dark spots. Sun (UV) Exposure. In addition to genetic determination of melanin production, UV exposure is the leading environmental cause of hyperpigmentation and the formation of dark spots. Melanin is the pigment that provides color to our skin, hair, and eyes. It acts as a natural sunscreen (but don't treat it like natural sunscreen!!! This isn't the point of the exercise), absorbing UV radiation to protect the skin from damage. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation, the melanocytes (cells that produce melanin) in the skin go into overdrive, producing more melanin to protect the skin from further damage. This increased melanin production can result in dark spots or areas of hyperpigmentation on the skin. Hormones. In addition to genetic determination of melanin production, hormones and hormonal sensitivity is a leading internal cause of hyperpigmentation and the formation of dark spots. One of the most well-known examples of hormonal hyperpigmentation is melasma, a condition characterized by dark, amorphous patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. Melasma is often associated with hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy, hormonal therapy, or birth control pill use. The hormonal changes can stimulate an increase in melanin production, resulting in dark spots or areas of hyperpigmentation. This can happen irrespective of UV exposure, though the sun does exacerbate it. Hormones can also affect melanin production by altering the skin's metabolism and pigmentation pathways. For example, high levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during stress, can trigger an increase in melanin production, resulting in hyperpigmentation. Inflammation, Injury & Trauma to the skin can result in hyperpigmentation by triggering an increase in melanin production. When the skin is inflamed or injured, it triggers a response from the body's immune system, which can stimulate an increase in melanin production as a protective measure. For example, acne breakouts or other skin injuries can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which is characterized by dark spots or areas of discoloration on the skin. The dark spots are a result of an increase in melanin production in the affected area, which occurs in response to the inflammation or injury. In addition to acne and other skin injuries, other conditions that can result in PIH include eczema, psoriasis, and insect bites. Medication Side Effects. Certain medications can cause hyperpigmentation on the skin. Medications that can cause hyperpigmentation include: Tetracycline antibiotics: Tetracycline antibiotics, such as doxycycline and minocycline, can cause discoloration of the skin and teeth when taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Chemotherapy drugs: Certain chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin and daunorubicin, can cause hyperpigmentation, especially in areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun. Hormonal medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills and estrogen replacements, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if they are taken for an extended period of time. Antimalarial drugs: Antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, can cause hyperpigmentation in some individuals, especially if taken in high doses or for an extended period of time. Isotretinoin aka accutane when taken for acne can cause hyperpigmentation due to the increase of cell turnover and exposing delicate new skin cells to UV rays before they have shored up. If using these medications is necessary for your livelihood, it is not recommended to stop their use without the recommendation of your doctor. How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 1: The Ingredients When looking for skin care products to treat and prevent hyperpigmentation and dark spots, it's important to look for ingredients that can help encourage cell turnover, curb melanin production, and block harmful UV rays. A lot of these things overlap with treatments for other conditions like acne and general anti-aging, but I've noted ones that specifically work on the mechanisms controlling melanin production. Now, this is an extensive list, but I know it doesn't have everything. I've included the ingredients that had the most compelling evidence and/or worked the best for me or people at my practice. But it's also not necessarily a shopping list. You don't have to have all of these things to treat hyperpigmentation, but I'll get to that in the routine portion. This is more to be used as a tool that can help you diversify your routine if you find one ingredient or another doesn't work for you. And it can help you determine if a product targets hyperpigmentation based on its ingredients. There's lot's of options. Some of the key ingredients to look for include: Retinoids that increases cell turnover. Retinoids like tretinoin, adapalene, retinol et al, can help treat hyperpigmentation by promoting the turnover of skin cells and increasing cell growth, which can help fade dark spots and improve overall skin tone by replacing pigmented skin cells at the surface. While retinoids are extremely effective, they do have some caveats. First, they can be sensitizing to a lot of users, but this can be tempered by using different form functions, different application methods, or different concentrations. Second, because it's constantly turning over skin exposing delicate new skin cells to the elements, it can actually worsen hyperpigmentation if you're not vigilant about sun protection and avoidance. Tretinoin and other retinoids are firewalled behind a prescription in some countries and may be more difficult to obtain. But retinol/al is available in OTC forms. SPF represents a class of many ingredients designed to protect the skin from UV rays and the damage that occurs from exposure. UV exposure is one of the biggest causes of fine hyperpigmentation and wrinkles so adequate protection is essential. I know I'm not winning any science awards for this declaration, but a lot of people who struggle with hyperpigmentation aren't adequately protecting themselves from the sun. But you also have to be kind of realistic. Even with perfect protection and avoidance, sometimes your hyperpigmentation will still flare. This happens during the summer for a lot of people and something even I grapple with. The key is to do your best and SPF actually works well with numerous other ingredients (like the ones listed below) to help solve that problem. Arbutin is a Tyrosinase Inhibitor that blocks melanin production. Arbutin, or the synthesized version called alpha arbutin, is a favorite brightening ingredient because it's a slow-release derivative of hydroquinone that inhibits melanin production. This results in both healing and prevention of dark spots, especially when paired with topical acids. It metabolizes on the skin into hydroquinone which is super effective for hyperpigmentation while being a less controversial and hard-to-come-by ingredient than pure hydroquinone. More on hydroquinone in part 6. Tranexamic acid is another Tyrosinase Inhibitor. This was first used in wound care and it was found to have profound effects on hyperpigmentation. Although it's an acid, it's not a chemical exfoliant, kinda like how hyaluronic acid is not a chemical exfoliant. The exact mechanism by which tranexamic acid works to reduce hyperpigmentation is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by reducing inflammation by blocking plasmin which contributes to melanin production when unchecked. It is particularly effective in treating melasma and one of my personal favorite ingredients. Kojic Acid is another Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Kojic acid is a natural skin brightener that is derived from various fungi. Kojic acid can also help to exfoliate because it's a slight chemical exfoliant, which can remove dead skin cells that contribute to hyperpigmentation and improve overall appearance. But it does both things: block melanin production and turn skin cells over. Azelaic Acid has a lot of things going for it that can help with hyperpigmentation. It's an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic that disrupts melanin production. Azelaic acid works by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin like those other tyrosinase inhibitors. In addition, azelaic acid also has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin by reducing melanin production as a result of injury or inflammation. It's also an anti-acne ingredient that can address the root cause of PIH by reducing acne on the skin. It's pretty awesome and available in OTC and prescription strengths. Niacinamide is another one that directly and indirectly addresses hyperpigmentation. It's a skin soother that decreases inflammation and it naturally reduces sebum production which can curb acne which can curb PIH. It actually took me a little while to figure out that this was another solid hyperpigmentation treatment for these reasons because I used to look at it as being more of an acne treatment. Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that works by inhibiting the transfer of pigment within the skin, which can help to reduce the appearance of dark spots and uneven skin tone. So while it doesn't block tyrosinase, it prevents transfer of pigmented skin cells to the surface. Vitamin C aka L-ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that fights free radical damage. It treats and prevents hyperpigmentation in three ways. First, it reduces free radical damage from UV exposure which helps increase the effectiveness of SPF when worn together. Second, it is also a tyrosinase inhibitor that blocks melanin production. And finally, vitamin C encourages skin cell turnover. The key is finding a nice stable version of it. Glycolic and Lactic Acid. Since this list is getting long I am going to group these together. Glycolic Acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid that penetrates into the pores to treat pigmentation by providing general exfoliation and resurfacing of the skin. The result is improvements in dark spots, texture and other signs of aging. Lactic Acid is also an AHA but with a slightly larger molecular size than glycolic acid so it doesn't penetrate as deep and acts more as a surface exfoliant. As a result it provides more gentle exfoliation to buff away surface pigmentation with an added benefit of acting as a humectant to seal moisture into the skin. Licorice Extract is a plant extract that inhibits melanin production. Licorice root extract contains a compound called glabridin, which has been shown to have skin brightening effects as, you guessed it, a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, licorice root extract also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce redness and inflammation associated with hyperpigmentation. I'm seeing more and more of this pop up in skin care. Soy Proteins are another plant extract that inhibits melanin production. They contain compounds known as isoflavones, which have been shown to help reduce the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin. Additionally, soy proteins have antioxidant properties that can help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to hyperpigmentation. How To Treat Hyperpigmentation Part 2: The Routine and Recommendations This is adapted from numerous comments, posts and DMs I've written on the topic and also comprises a large portion of my own personal routine and routines we recommend to patients. This is a generalist routine meaning it targets all the forms of hyperpigmentation I've mentioned; freckles, melasma, PIH, and age spots though it can be tweaked to address these individually more specifically. This is really my jumping off point for people to get a good idea of what they can achieve as a baseline with OTC ingredients before fine tuning or enlisting the help of a dermatologist. For a lot of people, this is enough to fully resolve, but even if it gets you part of the way there, this should give you a good idea of reactivity. A few caveats: Freckles cannot ever be 100% eradicated. You can however reduce their appearance and prevent them from getting darker. It's important to have realistic goals and understand that sometimes our genetics will overrule any routine we have. This routine and any hyperpigmentation routine will not address moles. Moles are a totally different thing that can only be eradicated through removal by a medical practitioner. Moles can be raised or not, but no amount of topicals will get rid of them. Melasma is a beast. Sometimes it can be treated with OTC topicals, sometimes it requires prescription strength topicals like hydroquinone, sometimes you need in-office procedures like fractal lasers or IPL. Again, this routine is a jumping off point to see what you can accomplish at home before going down that road (and more on that at the bottom in part 6). You'll notice I don't mention products with all the ingredients I listed above. This is because the more you put on your face, the greater your risk of causing irritation. Again, you can adjust and tweak by switching out products with these ingredients or add/subtract as it suits your personal needs. If you're struggling with hyperpigmentation while pregnant or breastfeeding, these recommendations may need to be paused. Alright, let's get to it! AM routine -- The Goal: Heal, Protect, and Prevent. In order of application following a lukewarm water rinse: Azelaic acid Alpha Arbutin Vitamin C serum Moisturizer SPF The combo of C+AZ+AA+SPF is an absolute powerhouse for healing existing hyperpigmentation and preventing new hyperpigmentation from forming. It makes your SPF more effective, it inhibits the production of melanin from UV exposure (not your natural melanin production though), and it speeds cell turnover with dual antioxidant action and gentle chemical exfoliation. The result is brighter skin in a few months of consistent use. For Azelaic Acid, this is the ingredient for serious treatment. It's considered one of the most effective ways to reverse melasma aka serious hyperpigmentation short of hydroquinone -- which is both controversial and hard to get. It brings a little bit of exfoliation to the table in addition to inhibiting UV melanin production, but it also has a slight antiseptic property which can help with acne. Paula's choice Azelaic Acid Booster is the only one I've really tried after sampling the Ordinary's in-store and not liking the texture. I get about 6 months out of a tube and a little bit goes a long way. For Alpha Arbutin, the Ordinary's formulation is pretty solid. I prefer the Ordinary's AA 2% + HA as opposed to their AA 2% + Ascorbic Acid 8% as I don't believe the quality and stability of their Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is great. That's why I opt for a separate Vitamin C serum step. But the AA + HA also has a little bit of lactic acid in it which provides some gentle exfoliation and encourages AA deeper into the skin where it's more effective. Lactic acid is mild enough that it's safe for use in a morning routine, but you still want to protect with SPF. There are a couple AA products floating around but I think TO's product is probably the best, most straightforward one. Alpha Arbutin metabolizes into hydroquinone on the skin so is basically one of the best OTC pigment correctors you can get. For Vitamin C, the gold standard really is Skinceuticals CE Ferulic. This is stupid expensive though so I’m going to suggest Timeless Vitamin C. I like that it comes in an airless pump that prevents oxidation over time. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that increases the rate of skin cell turnover bringing forward new, skin cells while simultaneously improving the effects of SPF. It's a great foundation for a fix. These ingredients can be layered on one right after the other then topped with your moisturizer (I like a basic one like cetaphil daily lotion), then topped with your SPF. The SPF I would recommend is Canmake UV mermaid gel in clear as this will not leave a white cast on your skin and it’s generally a very elegant SPF. It's SPF 50 which means it gives really good protection, but there are numerous SPFs you can try. I personally like anything from La Roche Posay, any Neutrogena SPF that's not formulated with ethylhexylglycerin, Supergoop Unseen Sunscreen, Biore Aqua Rich (another Japanese brand), Trader Joe's SPF if you can get your hands on it, and EltaMD. Of all the products I’ve tried that could act as a stand-in for vitamin c, azelaic acid, and alpha arbutin, there’s one Japanese serum from Hada Labo called “whitening lotion” which has had the biggest impact on my hyperpigmentation in a single product of anything I’ve tried. This might be a little too effective though, I actually find that it washed me out within the first 2 weeks of twice daily use, so now I only use it in the morning. And I’m not a fan of the translation… which is a direct but mistranslation. It’s not a bleaching lotion, it also relies on a form of vitamin C and tranexamic acid to brighten skin. But it's a really interesting to try if you wanted a simplified morning routine in which case I would apply this, then your moisturizer, then your SPF. PM routine -- The Goal: Renew and Reveal. In order of application: Cleanse Buffer Tranexamic acid and exfoliant OR retinoid** Moisturize To cleanse, I have a really basic recommendation that will remove your SPF, makeup, and any grime/sebum from your day. Start with Cetaphil gentle cleanser. This is a gentle, hydrating cleanser that will break up your SPF really effectively. Massage in and rinse. Then apply a foaming cleanser, I recommend Cetaphil daily cleanser which foams. This will sweep away anything that’s left and give you a good foundation for the rest of your routine. While this doesn't directly help hyperpigmentation specifically, it's a critical step especially for people who are acne>PIH prone. It also gives you a nice clean slate to apply the rest of your skincare. I've tried dozens of cleansers but always come back to these two as good basic options. For your Buffer this is an important step that can be done prior to using a chemical exfoliant or retinoid: applying an occlusive that will block the active from more sensitive skin. I recommend buffering around your eyes and nostrils with La Roche Posay Cicaplast balm because it kind of doubles as a nice eye cream, but this can also be done with basic vaseline or aquaphor for a more budget-friendly option. For Tranexamic Acid, my holy grail TXA product, La Roche Posay Glycolic B5 is actually a multipurpose serum that combines ingredients to treat hyperpigmentation with chemical exfoliants. It contains two hyperpigmentation heavy hitters -- Tranexamic acid and Kojic Acid which are great for melasma -- and two exfoliants -- Glycolic Acid and Lipo-Hydroxy Acid (LHA) which is like fancy salicylic acid -- so it both reveals new skin cells that are less prone to pigmenting from UV exposure while sloughing away your old skin cells. You can use this 2 or 3 nights per week. On off nights, just cleanse and moisturize. For a Retinoid if you can get prescription tretinoin, this is going to be the best bet. Your doctor will advise you on the concentration. More on that in part 6. It will help speed up the rate of cell turnover bringing new, unpigmented skin cells to the surface faster. Some other OTC options include differin (which is rated more for acne but uses the same mechanism for cell turnover so it's also effective in this use case) and retinols. Now, I haven't tried every retinol on the market but I have two that I stand by: SkinCeuticals retinol and L'Oreal retinol serum. The SkinCeuticals is, in my opinion, the closest to RX tretinoin in terms of efficacy, but it's a little pricey. The L'Oreal also does a really good job and is a little more affordable. It's currently my go-to OTC on the days I'm not using my RX retinoid tazarotene. You can use this 2 or 3 nights per week. On off nights, just cleanse and moisturize. ** My recommendations for tranexamic acid and retinoids CANNOT be used in the same night. You'll nuke your skin. And for most people, both aren't necessary, you can get away with using one or the other. If I had a preference, I would say use the TXA serum instead of a retinoid, but if you can build up a tolerance to using them both without damaging your barrier, they work really well together. So, proceed with caution. If you want to use both, use them on alternate nights and give yourself a night or two without either to let your skin recover. For me personally, I do retinoids on Sundays, and Wednesdays, chemical exfoliants on Mondays and Thursdays, and I let my skin rest (cleanse, moisturize, squalene oil) on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. On top of whichever active you choose, apply your moisturizer. You can use the same one you use in your morning routine, the Cetaphil daily lotion as it’s nice and light. I also like La Roche Posay Toleraine double repair for a ceramide-based cream alternative if you want something richer. You do not want to "slug" over actives. This advice gets mixed in a lot. Slugging refers to applying an occlusive layer over your skincare such as vaseline, aquaphor, oils like squalene oil, or healing balms like La Roche Posay Cicaplast balm. While this can be done on hydration nights, it should not be done on nights when you're using chemical exfoliants or retinoids as this may make them too effective causing irritation and breakouts. Body Hyperpigmentation Ok, I need everyone to be a grownup for two seconds. These products and methods (both from the prior section and this section) should NOT be used on your genitals. First, you can cause serious irritation or infection by applying active skincare to your genitals. Second, it's really not going to do anything to change the pigmentation of the skin there. The skin on your genitals is different than your body and facial skin and it pigments in different ways for different reasons so it's not going to respond to topicals the same way the rest of your body does. Don't even try it. To be perfectly clear, these are the areas you should not be applying skincare: labia majora, labia minora, vaginal entrance or vagina, clitoral hood, perineum, anus, intergluteal cleft aka inside your butt crack, penis, or scrotum. And I say this as someone who chaffed the precipice of her "intergluteal cleft" in an unfortunate crunches-in-the-wrong-gym-shorts accident leaving me with some deeply incriminating hyperpigmentation and earning me the nickname "skid mark" from my ever loving boyfriend. It faded after a year but you can still send prayers. These are areas you can apply skincare but do so with absolute caution and at your own risk: bikini line, mons pubis, inner thigh up to the groin fold, butt cheeks. Ok, now that we've got the disclaimers out of the way, let's move forward. Hyperpigmentation can also occur on body skin for the same reason it appears on the face, but it can also be triggered by friction. And because body skin is different from facial skin, it requires a slightly different approach. This is my recommendation for both hyperpigmentation and KP (Keratosis pilaris) because they rely on the same mechanism for treatment: chemical exfoliation. In the case of body hyperpigmentation, I recommend a two prong approach: a body wash in the shower and a topical treatment to be used after. Oh, and SPF again if there are areas that are exposed to the sun, and I have a holy grail SPF recommendation for this. Now you may have noticed in my facial skin recommendation that I did not mention CeraVe as a treatment brand. I have posted numerous takedowns of CeraVe on other threads so I won't rehash them here suffice it to say that it's no longer a brand I can in good faith recommend since it's acquisition by L'Oreal. This is often the brand that's considered when treating KP on the body, but I don't believe their formulations and ingredient quality works for everyone. For the body wash, I recommend Neutrogena body clear with Salicylic acid. This is an exfoliating body wash that will help clear away dead skin cells on the surface allowing new ones to come through. To be effective, you want it to sit on your skin for a little while. I recommend lathering it up and applying it after turning off your shower faucet and letting it sit for 2 or 3 minutes. This is when I like to knock out shower emails. Then rinse away. On towel dried skin after your shower, apply AmLactin Bumps Be Gone. Again, this is formulated for KP but the reason I like it is because it contains lactic acid which will also give the assist on brightening hyperpigmented body skin. The wash and this should be effective, but you might also want to mix in a few drops of the alpha arbutin serum I recommended for your facial routine, maybe three drops per application area (each leg, each arm, chest, etc). I generally don't encourage facial products on the body because it's not an economical use for them, and also because body skin is a little more resilient and doesn't need skincare that's formulated for more sensitive facial skin. The AA serum from the Ordinary is very affordable however and is a good hyperpigmentation generalist. Another one that I mentioned in the facial hyperpigmentation portion that can work well on the body is the Hada Labo whitening lotion. Again, this is formulated around tranexamic acid which is very effective for hyperpigmentation and a little bit if this stuff goes a long way. I buy it in bulk from Japanese Importers though it's also available on Amazon for a slightly higher price. If you find yourself in Asia, stock up on it. I use this specifically for fading tan lines that happen (even with diligent/neurotic SPF use) around my fitness watch and the straps of my workout tops that I run in. You also want to wear SPF on areas that are exposed to the sun to prevent pigmentation from occurring. The one I absolutely love that’s not your 90’s banana boat is Aveeno Protect + Hydrate lotion with SPF 60. This is a great SPF for a lot of reasons: it finishes like a lotion instead of a sunscreen, it dries down totally clear, and it has a pleasant, slight sweet scent. On a scale of 1-10 with 1 being bare skin, 10 being banana boat slathered on by your mom in 1997, and regular body lotion being a 2, I give Aveeno Protect + Hydrate a 2.5 in terms of texture and feel-finish. I use it as my daily lotion on my neck, arms, shoulders, and chest. If you're more active you might need a heavier hitter here like a sport sunscreen. Nuclear Options In general, I recommend trying OTC topical solutions for any skin concern before heading down the in-office procedure route. Part of this is because you can usually put a good dent in what you're struggling with by using OTC topicals, making in-office procedures and RX treatments easier and more effective. Part of it is so you have a good maintenance routine in place to use after the fact to preserve the results of your in-office procedure which can sometimes be costly. Lastly, while some procedures can solve the immediate problem completely, topical skincare can be really effective at treating other adjacent conditions like redness, acne, and fine lines. Side note: I haven't listed every possible compounded medication because there are a lot, and many compounded meds are formulated to tackle multiple issues like acne and hyperpigmentation. I also tend to favor single note skin care (aka, products with very few ingredients) as this allows you to combine or remove certain actives and gives you a better sense of reactivity. For tougher-to-treat hyperpigmentation such as melasma, if your topical routine doesn't totally clear the problem in 6 to 8 months, a visit to the dermatologist might be helpful. Here are the heavier-hitting procedures and topicals that can go the extra mile after you've exhausted other options. Medical Grade Peels: Medical grade chemical peels can be done by dermatologists. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or phenol peels may be done for cases of severe hyperpigmentation, but high concentration BHA or AHA peels are also commonly used. I do these twice a year. Because of the strength of the acids used, these must be done by a medical professional with careful followup. ***IPL Therapy and Laser Therapy may not work for everyone and in some cases may exacerbate hyperpigmentation so you really want to work with dermatologists with a lot of experience in treating cases similar to yours to determine if these interventions are appropriate for you. IPL Treatment: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy can treat hyperpigmentation by targeting the melanin in the skin with a broad spectrum of light wavelengths, heating and breaking the melanin down. IPL is particularly effective for treating sun damage and age spots, as well as other forms of hyperpigmentation. The treatment is relatively non-invasive, with minimal downtime, making it a popular option. This is also a great treatment for the redness associated with enlarged blood vessels (often confused for broken capillaries) on the surface of the skin which can also appear alongside hyperpigmentation. There isn't any clinical evidence to support at-home IPL devices being effective in the same way. That doesn't mean it's not possible, it's just not studied enough to be certain. Most at-home IPL devices do not operate in effective wavelengths the way professional grade ones do. Laser Therapy: Fractional and CO2 lasers can be used to treat a range of hyperpigmentation issues, including sun damage, age spots, and melasma. The treatment works by removing the top layers of skin, which contain the excess pigmentation, revealing fresh, healthy skin cells underneath. The lasers also stimulate the production of collagen, which helps to improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Hydroquinone: This isn't an in-office procedure like the aforementioned treatments, but it is firewalled behind a prescription meaning you can only access hydroquinone in effective concentrations by working with a doctor. This is a somewhat new development at least in the US following some covid-era rejiggering of prescription clearances. HDQ is controversial because it's a skin bleaching agent which has some cultural implications in places where light skin is favored over natural pigmentation. HDQ technically works the same way other OTC tyrosinase inhibitors do (in fact arbutin actually metabolizes into HDQ when applied to the skin), pure HDQ happens to be the most powerful version of them. It lightens any skin it touches, not just hyperpigmented skin in higher concentrations which can make it tough to use. This effect isn't as profound in the other tyrosinase inhibitors I mentioned making them much easier to use over HDQ which, in high concentrations, must be dotted on the skin in only hyperpigmented areas. So HDQ is really reserved for intervention in extreme or OTC treatment-resistance cases. Tretinoin and Prescription Retinoids: This is going to be dependent on what part of the world you're in, but in a lot of countries, tretinoin and its counterparts like tazarotene are only available through prescription. I mentioned retinoids in the routine so if you're able to get your hands on a prescription from a doctor, it may be more effective than OTC retinols. Most doctors will prescribe a retinoid over hydroquinone, so this is usually easier to procure and can be quite effective on its own as a hyperpigmentation treatment. OTC differin is the only retinoid available over-the-counter (in the US) which can also be used for hyperpigmentation. Prescription Azelaic Acid: This is another one that's available in lower concentrations over-the-counter (which can still be quite effective) but there are prescription strength grades of azelaic acid. This is usually reserved for rosacea treatment as it tends to target redness and flushing, or as an acne treatment because of its antiseptic properties, but it can also be an effective hyperpigmentation treatment for its tyrosinase-inhibiting ability. If you made it this far, congratulations! I hope this information is helpful. While it is extensive and based on massive amount of research, experience, experimentation and work with professionals, it may not be perfect and it may not be suitable for everyone. Feel free to offer any constructive criticism or ask any questions in comments. I am always open to expanding my understanding. submitted by /u/YourBrilliantLayer to r/30PlusSkinCare [link] [comments]

What's up everyone. This has been a great subreddit to follow for fashion advice so I thought I'd contribute what I could as a dermatologist since I know that many of my friends view skincare as too complicated or cumbersome to worry about so they do nothing. There was a guide about 10 years ago that talked about some of these things but I think that this is a bit more comprehensive and aligned with the research and what I discuss with patients daily. I am a practicing dermatologist but I have to make it clear that this post is strictly for educational purposes and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It's also not intended to be a comprehensive review of the topic but I'm going to try to cover the big points. If you have any concerns or questions about your skin health, it's definitely best to see a dermatologist in person. These are going to be listed in descending order of importance. You can stop at any stage here and still see tangible benefits for your skin in my opinion. I'm also going to avoid listing specific products to avoid any appearance of conflicts. Make sure that you follow the instructions on the packaging of anything you start. 1. SUNSCREEN, SUNSCREEN, SUNSCREEN I know you've heard this a million times but sunscreen is absolutely THE MOST important thing you can do for your skin. Even if you don't apply to your whole body, using an SPF 30+ sunscreen (for some people with pigmentary disorders like melasma, we will recommend 50+) on your face should be a minimum. Besides causing skin cancers, sunlight is the #1 factor causing aging of the skin (wrinkling, pigmentary changes, "sun spots"). For a really clear example of this, here is a photo of one-sided photoaging published in the New England Journal of Medicine in a truck driver (who gets sun on the left side of his face while working). Ideally, you would use a "physical" sunscreen that has zinc oxide or titanium dioxide but these can leave white streaks on the skin, especially for darker skin types. If you have this problem you can get "chemical" sunscreens that have compounds like avobenzone, octinoxate and oxybenzone. There are also a number of products that are 1/2 and 1/2 which leverage the advantages of both. Physical sunscreens work immediately while you want to apply chemical sunscreens ~30 minutes before you go out into the sun. https://preview.redd.it/qzji12hcmhra1.png?width=640&format=png&auto=webp&s=fae4500f6f6ff33b2a72aaf4c06f4eb27fb58654 2. Nighttime retinoid Among all actives in skincare products, retinoids have by far the most demonstrated efficacy. These products are all derivatives of vitamin A. In addition to improving acne by shrinking sebaceous glands and reducing comedones (blackheads/whiteheads), retinoids significantly improve the appearance of the skin. They do this by increasing cell turnover and stimulating production of collagen/elastin (which increase firmness and general "youthfulness"). Almost all retinoids are inactivated by sunlight so the advice is to apply nightly to dry skin then moisturize. They can also be drying and make you more sun sensitive so using sunscreen and a facial moisturizer is important if you're using a retinoid. There are prescription retinoids such as tretinoin which you can get from your PCP or dermatologist as well as OTC products which use retinol (not as potent). 3. Moisturizer A lightweight non-comedogenic (look for that term on the bottle/box) moisturizer in the evening and morning is an important part of taking care of your skin. They help to lock in moisture and restore your skin's barrier, which can also decrease rashes if you're breaking out because of scratching dry skin causing a cycle of inflammation. 4. Topical vitamin C The last topical product I'll talk about with patients interested in a cosmetic skincare regimen is vitamin C. It has been shown to brighten skin and even skin tone as well as stimulate collagen synthesis but its number one effect is as an antioxidant. As an antioxidant it can help to neutralize free radicals generated by environmental exposures. It does break down when exposed to UV so you need to layer a sunscreen on top to make sure it has an effect. 5. Everything else As I alluded to earlier, the skincare market is vast and filled with different compounds and actives. Some have proven efficacy, many more do not. In the interest of keeping things simple, I'm sticking to the above for now since they have the most demonstrated efficacy, but if there's interest, I can do a follow-up post in the future. ​ A simple regimen incorporating the above would be: Morning: gentle cleanser, vitamin C, moisturizer, sunscreen Night: gentle cleanser, retinoid, moisturizer ​ Update First, thank you gentlemen for a Sunday reminder about the power of community. It's been beautiful to see the engagement and advice in the comments. I want to do an update for some of the common questions that came up: OK what do I absolutely have to do? If you're going to pick just one thing to use, put on a moisturizer with SPF 30+ before you go out in the morning. Trust me, I get it. In my younger years, I wasn't always consistent with this but it doesn't take much. Make it a part of your morning routine. It adds an extra few seconds but it's like brushing your teeth, and your younger, less wrinkled, and less prone to skin cancer future face will thank you. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Sunscreen? Do I have to? It's cloudy out. I recommend that everyone incorporate sunscreen to their morning routine. Like I wrote above. just like you brush your teeth, look at it as a thing you do every day and it becomes much less of a hassle. Yes its ideal to reapply every two hours and that is the American Academy of Dermatology's recommendation but don't make the perfect the enemy of the good. Use it every morning and if you can find a way to do it more frequently that's even better. Don't use the fact that you don't want to reapply as a reason to not do it at all. I'll avoid getting too far into the weeds of the science but sunlight has UVA AND UVB. UVB does peak at mid-day but UVA is constant ALL day. UV also penetrates clouds. So cloudy days aren't a free pass to skip your sunscreen. UVB is more responsible for sunburns and DNA damage leading to cancer while UVA is more responsible for photoaging and tanning but there is overlap there and UVA can cause skin cancer as well. SPF is actually just a measure of how protective sunscreen is against UVB but look for a BROAD-SPECTRUM sunscreen which means that it will protect against both. To protect against visible light which can worsen hyperpigmentation and some conditions like melasma, use a tinted sunscreen. The TLDR here is just use sunscreen every day before you go out. What order should I use the products? I'm not aware of any studies that look into this but what I generally advise patients is to apply any prescription medications to clean, dried skin first, then layer other products and finish with moisturizer and sunscreen. What specific products do you recommend? I wanted to not list specific products because I'm personally a bit suspect of posts that push brands or products but since it's been requested, I'll list as many as I can think of that I've used myself, my patients have reported good results from, or other dermatologists I know use. I'll focus on more affordable brands available in most stores that sell skincare products. A few that are pricier I'm mentioning mainly because of how many dermatologists I know use or recommend them. This is by no means an exhaustive list and I'm sure I will be leaving out some great products. Moisturizer La Roche-Posay face moisturizer - I personally like this one because it is hydrating but not too thick CeraVe PM facial moisturizing lotion Vanicream daily facial moisturizer Cetaphil daily oil-free moisturizing lotion Neutrogena Hydro Boost - This one's a love it or hate it. It has HA and is a gel rather than a lotion or cream so the texture is off-putting for some people while others love it. Sunscreen EltaMD Daily Tinted Broad-Spectrum SPF 40 - EltaMD is one of those brands that most dermatologist are familiar with for sunscreen and makes good products. They have a few different lines but this is a best seller. This one has physical and chemical sunscreen compounds. They also make a non-tinted version and other lines if it isn't for you. La Roche Posay Anthelios UV Correct - Friends of mine use this and they swear by it. It is a chemical sunscreen. La Roche-Posay Anthelios Mineral Tinted Sunscreen - Also a bit of a love it or hate it quality but for me rubs in very nicely and I like that it is a purely mineral sunscreen. Supergoop Unseen Sunscreen - Some of my patients absolutely love this. It is a chemical sunscreen but they love the finish and feel of it. Others to look into: Cetaphil, CeraVe, TiZO (Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide sunscreens), Neutrogena Vitamin C Serums SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic - This is very expensive for a daily skincare product and I don't know how necessary it is to go to a product that is this pricy but it is a favorite among dermatologists for themselves and their patients so I felt that I had to include it in the list. Has vitamin E and ferulic acid which are antioxidants too. Be warned that it has an iron-like smell to it. Paula's Choice C15 Super Booster - Same ingredients as SkinCeuticals at a cheaper price. Haven't used it personally but have heard good experiences from others. Vichy LiftActiv Vitamin C serum - You'll see a trend here. This also has vitamin E and ferulic acid like the Paula's Choice and SkinCeuticals serums. Also more affordable than both of the above. La Roche-Posay Vitamin C Serum - Has a more gel-like quality than others but it is more affordable and still has 10% vitamin C. The Ordinary Ethylated Ascorbic Acid - I recommend this brand for many patients for a variety of OTC agents like azelaic acid too. In my experience, their products are effective and very cost-effective. A note about vitamin C products: minimize how long you leave the cap open and how much light exposure it gets because the ingredient is prone to oxidation and breakdown when exposed to air and light. They come in oilier serums instead of water-based vehicles because it also breaks down when mixed with water. Gentle Cleansers Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser - Great and affordable cleanser. CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser - Another affordable and effective cleanser. Vanicream Gentle Facial Cleanser - Also a great cleanser, good for those with sensitive skin. submitted by /u/mdskindoc to r/malefashionadvice [link] [comments]